Henry of Harclay was a secular late medieval theologian who has been appointed Chancellor at Oxford in the first half of the fourteenth century. Due to the lack of edited texts, his Commentary on Book I of the Sentences is today largely ne- glected. The present contribution aims at offering a provisional edition of Sent. I, d. 1, qq. 1-4. These questions are devoted to human acts of fruition. The topics discussed here regard 1. whether God alone is the object (...) of fruition; 2. whether only rational creatures in the beatific state are able to perform an act of fruition; 3. whether human beings naturally love themselves more than God and, lastly, 4. whether fruition is the same as delight. The edition is preceded by a brief doctrinal introduction, which serves the purpose of providing a general outline of the text’s main contents. (shrink)

After motivating a framework for evaluating top-down, middle-out, middle-in, and bottom-up ontology development strategies, we apply our framework to investigate whether infectious disease ontologies - specifically, the Virus Infectious Disease Ontology (VIDO) and the Coronavirus Infectious Disease Ontology (CIDO) - effectively promote semantic interoperability.

We investigate agents that have incomplete information and make decisions based on their beliefs expressed as situation calculus bounded action theories. Such theories have an infinite object domain, but the number of objects that belong to fluents at each time point is bounded by a given constant. Recently, it has been shown that verifying temporal properties over such theories is decidable. We take a first-person view and use the theory to capture what the agent believes about the domain of interest (...) and the actions affecting it. In this paper, we study verification of temporal properties over online executions. These are executions resulting from agents performing only actions that are feasible according to their beliefs. To do so, we first examine progression, which captures belief state update resulting from actions in the situation calculus. We show that, for bounded action theories, progression, and hence belief states, can always be represented as a bounded first-order logic theory. Then, based on this result, we prove decidability of temporal verification over online executions for bounded action theories. (shrink)

Este trabajo explora la concepción de Marsilio de Padua sobre el poder dentro de una teoría ascendente de gobierno. Siguiendo la línea de la crítica medieval a la plenitudopotestatis , él propone, desde una orientación populista de su doctrina, una organización sociopolítica cuyo fundamento es la voluntas populi y la ley que de allí emana. Es así como en su obra El defensor de la paz puede encontrarse una sorprendente visión republicana de la política, donde la esfera religiosa queda absorbida (...) por la dimensión estatal. La salvación del mundo profano queda, por consiguiente, en sus propias manos, y la praxis intramundana se halla desprovista del auxilio que prestaban los viejos expedientes extracotidianos. Marsilius of Padua and emerging theories of government This paper explores the view maintained by Marsilius of Padua on power within an ascendant theory of government. Following the line of medieval criticism of plenitudo potestatis , he proposes, from a populist orientation of his doctrine, a socio-political organization founded upon the voluntas populi and the law that emanates from it. Thus, readers will be surprised to find a Republican view of politics in his work The Defender of Peace, where the State dimension absorbs the religious sphere. Salvation from the profane world is, therefore, in the State's own hands, and worldly practice is devoid of relief once provided by extraquotidian old records.  . (shrink)

Mid-level ontologies are used to integrate data across disparate domains using vocabularies more specific than top-level ontologies and more general than domain-level ontologies. There are no clear, defensible criteria for determining whether a given ontology should count as mid-level, because we lack a rigorous characterization of what the middle level of generality is supposed to contain. Attempts to provide such a characterization have failed, we believe, because they have focused on the goal of specifying what is characteristic of those single (...) ontologies that have been advanced as mid-level ontologies. Unfortunately, single ontologies of this sort are generally a mixture of top- and mid-level, and sometimes even of domainlevel terms. To gain clarity, we aim to specify conditions for membership in what we call the middle architecture, which consists solely of mid-level ontologies. (shrink)

En este artículo se analiza la noción de fenómeno saturado en el pensamiento de Marion, pero, ante todo, y relacionado con dicho fenómeno, el tipo de sujeto que corresponde a la afectación saturante. La discusión se centra en la superación de la figura del Yo trascendental, y de la Modernidad en general, para dar lugar a un sujeto disminuido, a una diminutio ipseitatis, debida fundamentalmente a una iniciativa que, alega Marion, no proviene tanto del sujeto afectado, cuanto del fenómeno que (...) lo afecta. Desalojado de su formidable centro, el sujeto kenotizado emprende una clase de recreación bastante peculiar, la cual consiste en el conjunto de respuestas que habrá de ofrecer a la densidad del fenómeno mencionado. El sujeto se recibe de lo que recibe. En una hermenéutica sucesiva que retoma la afectación, tendrá que hacerse cargo del golpe de lo dado, es decir, de aquello que lo afecta, pero no exactamente de la manera como afectan los objetos a un sujeto cognoscente. A la pregunta de Nancy “¿qué viene después del sujeto?”, hay que responder sin ninguna hesitación: el sujeto, empero ahora disminuido en su capacidad creadora de mundo a través de la síntesis trascendental: l’adonné, el adonado. (shrink)

En este artículo se exploran las relaciones entre finito-infinito y los límites del lenguaje posible, del lenguaje finito, para hablar de su callado fundamento. En este sentido, el mismo vaciamiento del lenguaje, expresión de una imposibilidad a la cual empero no se hurta, la de hablar de Dios, conduce a ponderar la importancia que tiene la teología negativa en el sentido de permitir al mundo humano barruntar las dimensiones del misterio que lo funda. Se tocan, de esta manera, las concepciones (...) de Maimónides y de santo Tomás acerca de la vía negativa como mecanismo parcial que afronta eso que, precisamente, desborda las fronteras del entendimiento humano. No porque Dios, en sí mismo, no sea, por decirlo con Erígena, plus quam esse, hiperesencial, sino porque en la noche cognoscitiva del lenguaje a éste no le queda sino su propia abdicación en relación al telos que lo mueve. En la desproporción existente entre el lenguaje y aquello que lo anima, aquél, el lenguaje, celebrará su propio silencio y la lejanía abismal en relación a su fundamento. Palabras clave : teología negativa; vía negativa; teología apofática; teología catafática; vía de la eminencia. Maimonides and Thomas: The Triumph of NegationIn this article I explore the finite-infinite relations and the limits of the possible language, of the finite language, in order to speak of its silent foundation. In this regard, the very emptying of language, expression of an impossibility from which it nevertheless does not hide, that of speaking of God, leads to think over the importance that negative theology has, in the sense of allowing the human world to conjecture the dimensions of the mystery on which it is founded. Thus, the conceptions of Maimonides and Saint Thomas are found to be very akin as to their regarding the negative way as a partial mechanism to deal with that which, precisely, surpasses the bounds of human understanding. Not because God in himself is not, to say it with Erigena, plus quam esse, hyperessential, but because in the cognitive night of language the latter has no choice but its own abdication with respect to the telos that animates it. In the disproportion existing between language and that which animates it, the former, language, will celebrate its own silence and the abysmal distance in relation to its foundation. Keywords: Negative theology; Negative way; Apophatic theology; Cataphatic theology; Way of eminence. (shrink)

The logical foundations of game-theoretic solution concepts have so far been explored within the con¯nes of epistemic logic. In this paper we turn to a di®erent branch of modal logic, namely temporal logic, and propose to view the solution of a game as a complete prediction about future play. The branching time framework is extended by adding agents and by de¯ning the notion of prediction. A syntactic characterization of backward induction in terms of the property of internal consistency of prediction (...) is given. (shrink)

Je me propose une évaluation du travail effectué par Jeanne Hersch sur les droits de l�homme. A-t-elle tenté de «fonder» les droits, c�est-a-dire, de développer des argumentations contraignantes qui en établissent la validité ? Elle dérive les droits d�une conception normative de la nature humaine, s�appuyant sur la volonté, qui doit être libre, plutôt que sur la raison. Ses «fondements» ne sont pas des argumentations, mais des présupposés anthropologiques. Elle tente d�expliquer les échecs des droits de l�homme par une analyse (...) de leur tendance naturelle à se multiplier, se différencier, s�opposer l�un à l�autre. (shrink)

Este trabajo, desarrollado en el contexto del giro teológico de la fenomenología francesa, reflexiona sobre la significación de la Vida en Michel Henry, Vida y pasividad que no resultan de la volición de un sujeto moderno que parecería haber sido hoy superado. Estamos en los umbrales de una filosofía primera que no deja absolutamente de lado la intencionalidad de otrora, así como su carácter activo en la donación de significado, pero subordina ambos a un fundamento primero, único e irreductible: la (...) Vida. Hemos titulado este trabajo Gloria de la pasividad puesto que, en efecto, el ego no aparece como el artífice originario de la constitución del mundo, de sus significados y de sus idealidades. Una pasividad primitiva del sujeto antecedería al ego constituyente de la fenomenología clásica, una pasividad viejísima, que no cabría, sin lugar a duda, en ninguna memoria. No hemos querido, sin embargo, introducirnos al pensamiento de Henry sin antes darnos una idea de lo que significa la pasividad del sujeto reflejada en algunas líneas de Marion, cuya comprensión se da en el marco de una fenomenología de lo invisible y de una fenomenología abierta al exceso de evidencia. (shrink)

Establishing Dispositionalism as a viable theory of modality requires the successful fulfilment of two tasks: (i) showing that all modal truths can be derived from truths about actual powers, and (ii) offering a suitable metaphysics of powers. These two tasks are intertwined: difficulties in one can affect the chances of success in the other. In this paper, I generalise an objection to Dispositionalism by Jessica Leech and argue that the theory in its present form is ill-suited to account for de (...) re truths about merely possible entities. I argue that such difficulty is rooted in a problem in the metaphysics of powers. In particular, I contend that the well-known tension between two key principle of powers ontology, namely Directedness (all powers are “for” their manifestation) and Independence (some powers might fail to bring about their manifestation) has received an unsatisfactory solution so far, and that it is this unsatisfactory solution concerning the status of “unmanifested manifestations” that makes it hard for Dispositionalism to account for mere possibilia. I develop a novel account of the status of unmanifested manifestations and an overall metaphysics of powers which allows to better respond to Leech's objection and handle mere possibilia. The central idea of the proposal is that unmanifested manifestations are akin to mere logical existents, and are best characterised as non-essentially non-located entities. (shrink)

Motor learning can be defined as a process that leads to relatively permanent changes in motor behavior through repeated interactions with the environment. Different strategies can be adopted to achieve motor learning: movements can be overtly practiced leading to an amelioration of motor performance; alternatively, covert strategies (e.g., action observation) can promote neuroplastic changes in the motor system even in the absence of real movement execution. However, whether a training regularly alternating action observation and execution (i.e., Action Observation Training, AOT) (...) may surpass the pure motor practice (MP) and observational learning (OL) remains to be established. To address this issue, we enrolled 54 subjects requiring them to learn tying nautical knots via one out of three types of training (AOT, MP, OL) with the scope to investigate which element mostly contributes to motor learning. We evaluated the overall improvement of each group, along with the predictive role that neuropsychological indexes exert on each treatment outcome. The AOT group exhibited the highest performance improvement (42%), indicating that the regular alternation between observation and execution biases participants toward a better performance. The reiteration of this sequence provides an incremental, adjunct value that super-adds onto the efficacy of motor practice or observational learning in isolation (42% > 25% + 10%, i.e., OL + MP). These findings extend the use of the AOT from clinical and rehabilitative contexts to daily routines requiring the learning and perfectioning of new motor skills such as sports training, music, and occupational activities requiring fine motor control. (shrink)

The book "Idealization XIV: Models in Science" offers a detailed ontological, epistemological and historical account of the role of models in scientific practice. The volume contains contributions of different international scholars who developed many aspects of the use of idealizations and models both in the natural and the social sciences. This volume is particularly relevant because it offers original contributions concerning one of the main topic in philosophy of science: the role of models in such branches of the sciences and (...) the humanities like comparative historical sociology, economics, history, linguistics and political philosophy. -/- Contributors are: Giacomo Borbone, Krzysztof Brzechczyn, Mieszko Ciesielski, Adam Czerniak, Xavier de Donato Rodríguez, José L. Falguera, Adolfo García de la Sienra, Lidia Godek, Igor Hanzel, Łukasz Hardt, Krzysztof Kiedrowski, Barbara Konat, Zenonas Norkus, Piotr Przybysz, Piotr Szwochert. (shrink)

Dieser Titel aus dem De Gruyter-Verlagsarchiv ist digitalisiert worden, um ihn der wissenschaftlichen Forschung zugänglich zu machen. Da der Titel erstmals im Nationalsozialismus publiziert wurde, ist er in besonderem Maße in seinem historischen Kontext zu betrachten. Mehr erfahren Sie hier.

This paper comprises two parts. The first part is an introduction to Auriol’s moderate conceptualism, as it is presented in his Commentary on Book II of the Sentences, distinction 9, question 2, article 1. The second part is an edition of the text. In the introduction, I focus on Auriol’s use of the noetic tool of connotation. My thesis, in particular, is that connotation is a necessary prerequisite to his moderate conceptu- alism. To this purpose, the first part of this (...) introduction will be devoted to a brief presentation of Auriol’s conceptualism. In the second part, Auriol’s theory of essential predication will be presented. In the third part, I will present my claim that Auriol’s theory of essential predication can only be made sense of when read against the background of his theory of connotation as applied to intellectual cognition. Finally, I will offer a collation of Auriol’s Commentary on Book II of the Sentences, dis- tinction 9, question 2, article 1, obtained by collating eight manuscripts, which hand down Auriol’s text, that is, Firenze, Biblioteca nazionale centrale, ms. Conv. Soppr. B.6.121, Firenze, ms. Conv. Soppr. A. 3.120, Napoli, Biblioteca nazionale, ms. VII.C.3, Padova, Biblioteca Antoniana, ms. 161, scaff. ix, Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, ms. latin 15867; Pelplin, Biblioteka Seminarium duchownego, ms. 46/85, Vaticano (Città del), Biblioteca Apostolica, ms. Borgiano 404, Vaticano (Città del), Biblioteca Apostolica, ms. Vat. lat. 942. (shrink)

Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, wie Subjektivität als wesentlich geschichtlich gefasst werden kann. Ein aktuelles Problem besteht darin, den Begriff der Subjektivität mit der Idee der Geschichtlichkeit in Einklang zu bringen. Um dieses Problem zu lösen, schlägt die Arbeit vor, auf Schellings Frühwerk, insbesondere das System des transzendentalen Idealismus, und auf Heideggers Daseinsphilosophie zurückzugreifen. Im ersten Teil wird eine Perspektive auf Subjektivität entwickelt, die auf einer Praxisauffassung basiert. Dabei werden Schelling und Heidegger kritisch interpretiert und in den aktuellen (...) Debatten zum Naturalismus und zur Perspektive der ersten Person angewendet. Im zweiten Teil wird der Fokus themenspezifisch auf die Geschichtlichkeit gerichtet. Hierbei werden insbesondere Schellings früher Zeitbegriff und Heideggers Theorie der Geschichtlichkeit des Daseins diskutiert und mit Blick auf die Frage der personalen Identität in der Zeit aktualisiert. Die Monografie richtet sich an Forscherinnen und Forscher der klassischen deutschen Philosophie, der Hermeneutik, der Philosophie der Praxis sowie der breit gefassten Philosophie des Geistes. (shrink)

La tendance dominante de la philosophie moderne donne un sens aux grandes révolutions européennes du dernier demi-millénaire. Il est impossible de comprendre le fond de cette philosophie, si ce n'est à la lumière des revendications d'une liberté toujours plus étendue. Par ces révolutions, des monarchies héritées du Moyen Âge ont été balayées et l'autorité spirituelle de l'Église compromise. L'appel révolutionnaire à la liberté chrétienne de Luther, à la liberté de conscience de Cromwell, à la liberté politique de Robespierre, à la (...) liberté du besoin de Lénine, à la liberté face à la vérité du relativisme de nos jours, s'est révélé plus convaincant que le rappel de la liberté comme responsabilité, de la vérité qui nous rend libres (Jean, 8, 32). La surenchère dans la revendication d'une liberté toujours plus grande s'étend actuellement à la sphère des mœurs. Ce livre se limite à la critique intellectuelle et morale de la ligne aujourd'hui dominante, avec cet interrogatif : « Pourrons-nous vivre ce que nous prépare l'extraordinaire poussée de liberté qui, jusqu'à maintenant, s'est révélée gagnante, utile, crédible? ». (shrink)

En este artículo se analizan críticamente tanto la postura teórica de Rosi Braidotti en su libro Lo posthumano, como el texto de Peter Sloterdijk, “El hombre operable”, desde dos perspectivas. Una de ellas es propiamente filosófica, que toma en cuenta, discutiéndolos, el concepto de “inmanencia vitalista” de Braidotti y la concepción homeotecnológica que Sloterdijk contrapone a las viejas tecnologías bajo la rúbrica de alotecnología. La reflexión también mantiene una deriva teológica en el sentido de comprender lo que significa para el (...) creyente la tendencia antiescatológica presente en este tipo de discurso o, más bien, una inmanentización de la vida escatológica. Hay en ambos pensadores lo que podríamos llamar, sin originalidad ninguna, una nueva religión de la razón, en este caso de la razón tecnocrática, pero también, paradójicamente, elementos que asociarían el materialismo vitalista con concepciones ontológicas supuestamente superadas (esencia, metafísica, binarismo). (shrink)

Whereas several researches have been devoted to Auriol’s philosophical and theological works in the last fifty years, Auriol’s sermons have been basically neglected. The aim of this paper is to partially fill this gap, by focusing on one of Auriol’s sermons: the so-called De Compassione Virginis Sermo. The main argument defended here is that, while put into poetic and rhetorical language, Auriol’s theological insights lose nothing of their theoretical sharpness. They rather acquire an unexpected clarity and power of persuasion, of (...) which the De Compassione Virginis Sermo proves to be a remarkable example. In this regard, analyzing the formal structure of this sermon and examining the manner in which some of Auriol’s most notable tenets are presented there will provide an unusual, but still useful way to approach his rich thought. (shrink)

Die Entwicklung der zeitgenossischen Philosophie ist durch Hegels Denken entscheidend beeinflusst worden. Die Grunde fur seine andauernde Aktualitat aber sind selten verstanden worden. Im Gegensatz zu vielen Hegel-Interpreten wird hier der -absolute Idealismus- als das Wesen der Philosophie Hegels erkannt. Die -dialektische Methode- und das -System- bilden eine untrennbare Einheit. Auf dieser Grundlage erfolgt in einer streng theoretisch-systematischen Perspektive eine konsistente Auslegung von Hegels -Philosophie des unendlichen Selbstbewusstseins-. Einen besonderen Schwerpunkt legt die Arbeit auf die Auseinandersetzung mit dem gegenwartigen amerikanischen (...) Hegelianismus. Ubereinstimmung besteht mit E.E. Harris und R.D. Winfield, wahrend R.B. Brandom entschieden kritisiert wird.<BR> Contemporary philosophy's development has been decisively influenced by Hegel's thought, yet only rarely have the grounds for its everlasting up-to-dateness been understood. Contrary to many Hegel-interpreters, -Absolute Idealism- is here regarded as the core of Hegel's philosophy. The -dialectical method- and the -system- constitute an inseparable unity. On this basis a consistent interpretation of Hegel's -philosophy of infinite self-consciousness- is outlined. Attention is focused especially on the discussion of contemporary American Hegelianism, largely agreeing with E. E. Harris and R. D. Winfield, while sharply criticizing R. B. Brandom.". (shrink)

Dans cette contribution, nous chercherons à montrer comment dans l’articulation de la communauté chez Hegel et Rosenzweig, se montre une radicale différence en ce qui concerne la conception de l’horizon politique et donc – plus en généralement – la relation avec l’altérité. Contre la dure affirmation hégélienne « Abraham ne voulait pas aimer et donc être libre » et contre le vide ou la négativité que représente le judaïsme aux yeux de Hegel, Rosenzweig propose une autre compréhension du Politique, en (...) définissant l’existence du peuple d’Israël – dans la ‘parfaite’ éternité de sa persistance de peuple « déjà parvenu à destination » – comme existence métahistorique. (shrink)

Le Musée d’Anatomie humaine de l’Université de Turin , créé en 1739, fut transféré en 1898 dans le bâtiment où il se trouve actuellement, dans des locaux caractérisés par une architecture monumentale. Il a été récemment restauré dans le but de retrouver l’atmosphère de l’époque, et en même temps, le projet à fait l’objet d’une réflexion attentive sur les possibilités de le transformer de musée savant en musée communiquant. Le Musée d’Anatomie humaine fait partie d’un pôle muséal turinois en développement (...) qui comprend actuellement, en outre, le Musée des Fruits et le Musée d’Anthropologie criminelle « Cesare Lombroso ». Ces trois musées, qui accueillent presque 200 visiteurs par jour, offrent un bel aperçu du positivisme scientifique, qui fut particulièrement important à Turin.The University of Turin’s Museum of Human Anatomy, founded in 1739, was transferred in 1898 to the building it still occupies, which is notable for its monumental style of architecture. It was recently restored to the atmosphere of its day, but during the project, careful consideration was given to possibilities for transforming this scholarly establishment into a communicational museum. It is one of those included in Turin’s new museums project, alongside the Museum of Fruit and the Cesare Lombroso Museum of Criminal Anthropology. All three museums, which have about 200 visitors a day, offer valuable insights into scientific positivism, which was particularly influential in Turin. (shrink)